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外观

Ubuntu系统下载 ​

访问Ubuntu官网下载

开启SSH服务远程登录 ​

安装net-tools和openssh-server ​

sh
sudo apt-get install net-tools
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

查看是否开启ssh服务 ​

sh
dpkg -l | grep ssh

如果看到sshd那说明ssh-server已经启动了 如果没有则可以这样启动：

sh
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
# 或
sudo service ssh start

安装 vim 和 htop ​

sh
sudo apt-get install vim htop

更新软件源为国内源 ​

编辑文件 ​

sh
vi /etc/apt/sources.list

镜像源地址 ​

sh
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
sh
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
sh
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
sh
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

更新缓存 ​

编辑文件完成后，执行如下命令进行更新缓存

sh
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

删除系统自带软件 ​

sh
sudo apt-get --purge remove thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca gnome-sudoku remmina

根据个人习惯自行决定是否删除

  • remmina 远程桌面
  • libreoffice 办公软件
  • thunderbird 邮件客户端
  • totem 视频播放
  • rhythmbox 音乐播放器
  • *empathy 即时通讯软件
  • *brasero 光盘刻录软件
  • simple-scan 文档扫描仪
  • gnome-mahjongg 对对碰游戏
  • aisleriot 接龙游戏
  • gnome-mines 扫雷
  • cheese 茄子(拍照)
  • transmission-common bt下载
  • *gnome-orca 屏幕阅读器
  • gnome-sudoku 数独

自动卸载不需要的依赖 ​

sh
sudo apt-get --purge autoremove
sudo apt-get upgrade	#更新软件仓库

卸载桌面环境 ​

sh
# 卸载 gnome-shell
sudo apt-get remove gnome-shell

# 卸载 gnome-shell
sudo apt-get remove gnome-shell

# 卸载 gnome
sudo apt-get remove gnome

# 卸载不需要的依赖关系
sudo apt-get autoremove

# 彻底卸载删除gnome的相关配置文件
sudo apt-get purge gnome

# 清理安装gnome时候留下的缓存程序软件包
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get clean

同步时间 ​

安装 ntpdate ​

sh
sudo apt-get install ntpdate

设置系统时间与网络时间同步 ​

sh
sudo ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org

将时间更新到硬件 ​

sh
sudo hwclock --systohc

修改主机名 ​

sh
vim /etc/hostname

主机名存放在/etc/hostname文件中，编辑hostname并输入新的主机名保存即可。

sh
reboot #重启
hostname #重新查看主机名

开启 Root 登陆 ​

取得 Root 权限 ​

先从浏览器打开或者 SSH 工具连接服务器，登陆成功之后输入一下命令

bash
sudo -i #切换到root
passwd #修改密码

修改 ssh 配置文件 ​

bash
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config #编辑文件
PermitRootLogin yes #默认为no，需要开启root用户访问改为yes
PasswordAuthentication yes #默认为no，改为yes开启密码登陆

提示

按i进入编辑模式，按esc退出，输入:wq保存

重启服务器 ​

bash
reboot    #重启服务器

恢复默认源 ​

备份当前的软件源列表 ​

sh
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

恢复默认的软件源 ​

sh
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main restricted universe multiverse" > /etc/apt/sources.list'

更新软件包缓存 ​

sh
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

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